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Articles About cognitive bias

The Mere Exposure Effect: Familiarity Quietly Becomes Preference

The Mere Exposure Effect: Familiarity Quietly Becomes Preference image
Repetition really does make you like things more. What almost nobody reports is the list of conditions under which it stops working, or quietly runs backwards.

The Pygmalion Effect: What a Teacher Believes Before Meeting You

The Pygmalion Effect: What a Teacher Believes Before Meeting You image
A teacher's expectation moves a child most in the first days of term and almost not at all by the end of the month. That timing is the finding nobody quotes.

The Anchoring Effect: The First Number You Hear Decides the Rest

The Anchoring Effect: The First Number You Hear Decides the Rest image
An irrelevant number moves what you think a thing is worth. Fifty years on the effect still replicates. The usual explanation is in worse shape.

The Halo Effect: One Good Trait Rewrites Everything Else You Notice

The Halo Effect: One Good Trait Rewrites Everything Else You Notice image
Thorndike called it a constant error in 1920. More than a century later psychologists still cannot agree how much of it is bias and how much of it is real.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect: The Statistical Artifact Hiding Inside a Famous Chart

The Dunning-Kruger Effect: The Statistical Artifact Hiding Inside a Famous Chart image
The pattern shows up in random numbers with no people in them. Here is what the 1999 study measured and what still survives when the statistics change.