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Articles About cognitive bias

The Pygmalion Effect: What a Teacher Believes Before Meeting You

The Pygmalion Effect: What a Teacher Believes Before Meeting You image
A teacher's expectation moves a child most in the first days of term and almost not at all by the end of the month. That timing is the finding nobody quotes.

The Anchoring Effect: The First Number You Hear Decides the Rest

The Anchoring Effect: The First Number You Hear Decides the Rest image
An irrelevant number moves what you think a thing is worth. Fifty years on the effect still replicates. The usual explanation is in worse shape.

The Halo Effect: One Good Trait Rewrites Everything Else You Notice

The Halo Effect: One Good Trait Rewrites Everything Else You Notice image
Thorndike called it a constant error in 1920. More than a century later psychologists still cannot agree how much of it is bias and how much of it is real.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect: The Statistical Artifact Hiding Inside a Famous Chart

The Dunning-Kruger Effect: The Statistical Artifact Hiding Inside a Famous Chart image
The pattern shows up in random numbers with no people in them. Here is what the 1999 study measured and what still survives when the statistics change.